Correlação e associação de renda e escolaridade com condições de saúde e nutrição em obesos graves / Correlation and association of income and educational level with health and nutritional conditions among the morbidly obese

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar relações entre renda e escolaridade com condições de saúde e nutrição em obesos graves. Estudo transversal ambulatorial com 79 pacientes de primeira consulta, com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) ≥ 35 kg/m2 e idade ≥ 20 anos. Coletaram-se dados: sociodemográficos, antropométricos, estilo de vida, exames bioquímicos e consumo alimentar. O IMC médio foi 48,3 ± 6,9 kg/m2. Observou-se correlação negativa significante de escolaridade com variáveis peso (r = -0,234) e IMC (r = -0,364) e de renda familiar per capita com consumo diário de vegetal A (r = -0,263). Após análise multivariada maior renda familiar per capita se associou à ausência de cardiopatia (RP: 0,51, IC95%: 0,32-0,81), maior consumo diário de vegetal A (RP: 1,79, IC95%: 1,16-2,75) e doces (RP: 3,12, IC95%: 1,21-8,04). Em obesos graves a maior renda familiar per capita se associou à ausência de cardiopatia e maior consumo de vegetais folhosos e doces. Já a escolaridade não se manteve associada às condições de saúde e nutrição.

This article seeks to investigate the relationship between income and educational level and health and nutritional conditions among the morbidly obese. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 79 patients at first appointment, with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 and age ≥ 20 years. The following data was collected: demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, lifestyle, biochemical and food intake data. Average BMI was 48.3 ± 6.9 kg/m2. There was a significant negative correlation between education level and the variables of weight (r = -0.234) and BMI (r = -0.364) and per capita family income with daily consumption of leafy vegetables (r = -0.263). After multivariate analysis, higher per capita family income was associated with the absence of heart disease (PR: 0.51, CI95%: 0.32-0.81), higher daily consumption of leafy vegetables (PR: 1.79, CI95%: 1.16-2.75) and candy (PR: 3.12, CI95%: 1.21-8.04). In the morbidly obese, per capita household income was associated with absence of heart disease and higher consumption of leafy vegetables and candy. On the other hand, education level was not associated with health and nutrition conditions.

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of a series of indole analogues as inhibitor for human group V secretory phospholipase A2.

Phospholipase A2s (PLA2) are a class of enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids at the sn-2 position to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids. When the fatty acid is arachidonic acid (AA), a complementary metabolism leads to pro-inflammatory mediators collectively known as eicosanoids. Thus, inhibiting PLA2 activity remains a prime target for the development of new drugs for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. More than one type of PLA2s plays a major role in inflammatory disease conditions. In the present study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed for a series of 48 Me-indoxam derivatives as human group V PLA, (hVPLA2) inhibitors, using molecular operating environment (MOE) software. The hVPLA2 is a secretory PLA2 (sPLA2), involved in eicosanoid formation in inflammatory cells such as macrophages and mast cells. These studies have come out with three good predictive models (r = 0.82-0.84), which are cross-validated (rcv = 0.68-0.70) by leave-out-one method (Loo). The positive correlation of spatial descriptor Pmiz with inhibitory activity shows that proper orientation of the substitution at R position towards Z-axis is necessary to facilitate the possible interactions of the indole core with active site residues of the PLA2 enzyme. The negative contribution of b_rotN (atom and bond count-type descriptor) suggests that increasing flexibility conferred by the R substitution is detrimental for the activity. In addition to the hVPLA2 inhibitory activity is found to be highly influenced by molecular size, energy and polarity of the Me-indoxam derivatives.

Molecular Targets of Dietary Polyphenols with Anti-inflammatory Properties

There is persuasive epidemiological and experimental evidence that dietary polyphenols have anti-inflammatory activity. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used to combat inflammation. Recently, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been developed and recommended for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, two COX inhibitors have been withdrawn from the market due to unexpected side effects. Because conventional therapeutic and surgical approaches have not been able to fully control the incidence and outcome of many inflammatory diseases, there is an urgent need to find safer compounds and to develop mechanism-based approaches for the management of these diseases. Polyphenols are found in many dietary plant products, including fruits, vegetables, beverages, herbs, and spices. Several of these compounds have been found to inhibit the inflammation process as well as tumorigenesis in experimental animals; they can also exhibit potent biological properties. In addition, epidemiological studies have indicated that populations who consume foods rich in specific polyphenols have lower incidences of inflammatory disease. This paper provides an overview of the research approaches that can be used to unravel the biology and health effects of polyphenols. Polyphenols have diverse biological effects, however, this review will focus on some of the pivotal molecular targets that directly affect the inflammation process.

Heparin-antivenom association: differential neutralization effectiveness in Bothrops atrox and Bothrops erythromelas envenoming

Heparin, in some regions of Brazil has been used in the treatment of bothropic accidents, but the data found in the literature are inconclusive about its effectiveness. The venoms of Bothrops atrox and of B. erythromelas were characterized according to their biological activities. The capacity of heparin in neutralizing these activities was tested with doses of 3 and 6 IU in isolated form and associated to Antibothropic Serum (ABS). It was verified that heparin, in doses of 3 and 6 IU, was not effective in neutralizing the desfibrinating and edema-forming activities of B. atrox venom and the hemorrhagic and coagulant actions of both venoms. Heparin diminished the effectiveness of the ABS in the neutralization of the hemorrhagic and edema-forming activities of the B. atrox venom. However, heparin in the 6 IU dose was capable of neutralize the edema-forming of the B. erythromelas and increase the effectiveness of the ABS. Heparin also neutralized the phospholipasic A2 activity of B. atrox (14.3 percent) and B. erythromelas (28.0 percent) venoms. For B. erythromelas venom, the associated treatment, heparin and ABS, was more effective in the neutralization of its lethal activity

Caffeine causes glycerophosphorylcholine accumulation through ryanodine-inhibitable increase of cellular calcium and activation of phospholipase A2 in cultured MDCK cells

Glycerophosphrylocholine (GPC) is a renal medullary compatible organic osmolyte that is derived from choline via phosphatidylcholine, which is catalyzed in part by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and its degradation by GPC: choline phosphodiesterase (GPC: choline PDE). We found that caffeine elevated intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and GPC level in cultured MDCK cells, canine kidney epithelial cells, and propose a possible biochemical mechanism. When MDCK cells were incubated for 3 h with 1 to 10 mM caffeine, cellular GPC was elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and this occurred independently of the extracellular osmolality. Caffeine stimulated the rate of [14C]choline incorporation into [14C]GPC and PLA2 activity. Whereas, GPC: choline PDE activity was accompanied by less of increase. These enzyme changes demonstrate the increased net synthesis of MDCK GPC. In order to identify what triggers the PLA2 activation, [Ca2+]i was measured by using a fluorescence dye, Fura-2. Caffeine (10 mM) resulted in a typical transient increase in MDCK [Ca2+]i concentration, and this increase was greatly inhibited by pretreatment of MDCK cells with 10 mM ryanodine for 5 min. Ryanodine (10 mM) also inhibited the caffeine-induced stimulation of PLA2 activity. These findings provide the first evidence that caffeine in MDCK cells causes a ryanodine-inhibitable increase of [Ca2+]i and PLA2 activity, resulting in cellular GPC accumulation.

Hidróxido de cálcio em endondontia: suposiçöes x comprovaçäo científica / The calcium hydroxide in endodontics: supposition x cientifc proof

Várias propriedades biológicas têm sido atribuídas ao hidróxido de cálcio, tais como: açäo antiinflamatória, açäo antimicrobiana, solvente de matéria orgânica, inibiçäo da reabsorçäo e induçäo de reparo mineralizado. Neste trabalho, estas propriedades säo discutidas baseado em achados científicos

Neutralization of coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus venom by a monovalent antivenom

The neutralizing ability of a monovalent anti-Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) antivenom produced in Costa Rica was tested against the letal, myotoxic and phospholipase A, activities of homologous venom. In addition, immunodiffusion and Western blot analyses were performed. in experiments where venom and antivenom were incubated prior to the test, antivenom was effective in neutralizing lethal, myotoxic and phospholipase A2, activities, with Effective Doses 50% of 2700 *l antivenom/mg venom, 1840 *l antivenom/mg venom, and 3630 *l antivenom, respectively. When coral snake antivenom was administered different times after coral snake venom injection, neutralization of lethality was achieved ehen antivenom was injected iv immediately and 15 min after venom. In contrast, lethaly was not reduced when antivenom was administered by the route. Only partial neutralization of myotoxixity was observed even when antivenom was injected iv immediately after envenomation. Immunodiffusion and immunoblot analyses demonstrated the presence of antibodies in antivenom against several, but not all, venom components

Manoalide: un nuevo inhibidor de fosfolipasa A2 de origen marino con una potencial accion inmunorregulatoria / Monoalide: a new phospholipase A2 inhibitor of marine origin with a potential immunoregulatory effect

Manoalide, un sesterterpenoide no esteroidal aislado de una esponja marina, es un potente analgésico y antiinflamatorio. Manoalide inactiva la enzima fosfolipasa A2 de origen extracelular (veneno de erpiente, abeja, etc.), la liberación del ácido araquidónico de leucocitos polimorfonucleares, como así también bloquea la mobilización del calcio. Estos antecedentes sugierieron la posibilidad de que el efecto antiinflamatorio de Manoalide podría deberse, en parte, a la regulación de la biosíntesis de los eicosanoides. El macrófago participa de la respuesta inmune y del proceso inflamatorio, puede secretar productos oxigenados del ácido araquidónico y ha sido muy utilizado como modelo para estudiar inhibidores de fosfolipasasas, ciclooxigenasas y lipooxigenasas. Nuestros resultados demuestran que Manoalidade modifica la liberación de ácido arquidónico y su posterior metabolismo a prostaglandinas y leucotrienos en el macrófago peritoneal murino estimulado por miristado de forbol, ionóforo de calcio A 23187 y zimosán. Debido al hecho de que se ha demostrado la asociación de los eicosanoides al proceso del dolor se estudió liberación de eicosanoides in vivo, Manoalide inhibió parcialmente el dolor asociado a la inoculación intraperitoneal de zimosán en el ratón, como así también la liberación de 6-keto prostaglandina F1 alfa y leucotrieno C4 en el líquido peritoneal, sugiriendo que el efecto analgésico de Manoalide estaría relacionado en parte a la inhibición de la liberación de los...